Quick answer

Agentic AI development companies design, build, and operate AI agents that plan steps, call tools, and act on business systems. When comparing AI agent development companies, check live production agents, evals that score outputs and tool-call trajectories, scoped guardrails with human approval for risky actions, and production observability. Vendors that skip these practice areas ship agents that teams cannot verify.

A working demo and early engagement feel like proof that a vendor can deliver autonomous systems. Yet once thousands of requests hit live APIs with unstructured input, the operational challenge shifts to context limits, broad permissions, and edge-case execution failures. According to  Gartner, over 40% of agentic AI projects will be canceled by the end of 2027 due to escalating costs, unclear business value, or inadequate risk controls.

The right vendor can close the gap between a promising demo and a production-ready system. To help you choose one, this article covers leading agentic AI development companies, seven criteria for evaluating engineering maturity, realistic cost structures, and the questions to ask before signing.

Top AI Agent Development Companies in 2026: Comparison Table

Selecting an engineering partner for autonomous systems requires looking past slide decks and high-level service lists. The vendors listed below sell agentic AI or AI agent development as a named service, maintain at least one published production case, disclose their engineering stack, and hold a Clutch rating of 4.7 or higher.

Company
HQ
Founded
Team size
Hourly rate
Clutch
Best fit

SPD Technology

London, UK

2006

650+

$50-$99

4.8

Taking agent prototypes to production; fintech, SaaS, data platforms

Master of Code Global

Winnipeg, Canada

2004

50-249

$50-$99

4.7

Customer-facing and multi-agent systems

Azumo

San Francisco, US

2016

50-249

$25-$49

4.9

Data-heavy agents, nearshore teams

LeewayHertz

Gurugram, India

2007

50-249

$50-$99

4.7

Enterprise agent platforms

Qubika

Austin, US

2007

250-999

$50-$99

4.9

US mid-market product teams

Rootstrap

Los Angeles, US

2011

250-999

$50-$99

4.8

Multi-agent workflows with RAG

Software Mind

Kraków, Poland

1999

1,000-9,999

$50-$99

4.9

Enterprises needing delivery scale

Markovate

San Francisco, US

2015

50-249

$50-$99

5.0

Fast PoCs for startups

HQ

London, UK

Winnipeg, Canada

San Francisco, US

Gurugram, India

Austin, US

Los Angeles, US

Kraków, Poland

San Francisco, US

Founded

2006

2004

2016

2007

2007

2011

1999

2015

Team size

650+

50-249

50-249

50-249

250-999

250-999

1,000-9,999

50-249

Hourly rate

$50-$99

$50-$99

$25-$49

$50-$99

$50-$99

$50-$99

$50-$99

$50-$99

Clutch

4.8

4.7

4.9

4.7

4.9

4.8

4.9

5.0

Best fit

Taking agent prototypes to production; fintech, SaaS, data platforms

Customer-facing and multi-agent systems

Data-heavy agents, nearshore teams

Enterprise agent platforms

US mid-market product teams

Multi-agent workflows with RAG

Enterprises needing delivery scale

Fast PoCs for startups

This list compares vendors on their AI agent work specifically, not their overall software or AI capabilities. Use it to build a shortlist, then check each vendor against the engineering criteria.

Technical leaders seeking broader strategic guidance can review our overview of AI consulting companies for organizational alignment strategies. 

Readers looking for wider engineering scale beyond agent architecture can consult our ranking of top AI development companies to compare full-spectrum software partners.

Agentic AI Development Companies to Shortlist in 2026

Shortlisting agentic AI development companies requires matching delivery models with regional operating requirements and system complexity. Each vendor profile below outlines core service focus areas, primary delivery regions, and documented production signals.

Top Agentic AI Development Companies in Europe and Global Delivery

SPD Technology

  • HQ: London, UK
  • Founded: 2006
  • Team size: 650+
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 4.8
  • Best fit: Taking agent prototypes to production; fintech, SaaS, data platforms
SPD Technology website banner displaying the headline "Global Software Product Development Company" over a dark blue background with dynamic curved geometric grid lines.
SDP Technology

SPD Technology delivers agentic AI development that cover strategy, custom agent development, prototyping and ongoing support, with reasoning, action, planning and multi-agent systems built for regulated industries. Its production work runs under the Verified Velocity delivery model, which treats harness engineering and evaluation suites as fundamental release requirements. For a US fintech and SaaS client, SPD Technology’s AI incident management agent cut response time from over 60 minutes to under 30 minutes to reach a pull-request-ready fix, while resolving up to 70% of incidents autonomously. The firm fits teams taking agent prototypes into production across regulated fintech, SaaS and data platforms.

Software Mind

  • HQ: Kraków, Poland
  • Founded: 1999
  • Team size: 1,000–9,999
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 4.9
  • Best fit: Enterprises needing delivery scale
Software Mind website homepage featuring developers working in an office with the hero text "AI-accelerated software development" and Clutch badge rating overlay.
Software Mind

Clutch lists AI agents in the Software Mind service mix alongside cloud, custom development and modernization, based on 58 Clutch reviews. For a Belgian software company, the team built an AI workflow on Azure OpenAI and Qdrant that classifies supplier products before they move into ERP and PIM systems, reaching up to 90% accuracy. Based on their expertise, the company suits enterprises needing delivery scale.

LeewayHertz

  • HQ: Gurugram, India
  • Founded: 2007
  • Team size: 50–249
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 4.7
  • Best fit: Enterprise agent platforms
LeewayHertz website homepage displaying a 3D isometric diagram of multi-agent AI architecture, LLM models, and industry pillars on a dark blue background.
LeewayHertz

LeewayHertz, now part of The Hackett Group, builds single-agent and multi-agent systems with frameworks such as crewAI and AutoGen Studio. It also runs ZBrain Builder, its own orchestration platform for deploying agents with built-in evaluation suites, guardrails and real-time observability. That platform makes LeewayHertz a practical choice for enterprise teams standardizing agent deployment across departments.

Top AI Agent Development Companies in the USA & Canada

Master of Code Global

  • HQ: Winnipeg, Canada
  • Founded: 2004
  • Team size: 50–249
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 4.7
  • Best fit: Customer-facing and multi-agent systems
Master of Code Global homepage showing abstract 3D orange and white geometric spheres surrounding a globe, with headline "Enterprise Standards. Startup Speed. Custom AI".
Master of Code Global

Founded in 2004, Master of Code reports 1,000+ projects and lists AI agents as a core service, with customer service, sales and data analysis agents as its main focus. In one verified Clutch review, the team is praised for replacing a legacy IVR system with an AI voice bot connected to the client’s CRM REST API. Based on its profile and client feedback, the company fits customer-facing and multi-agent systems.

Qubika

  • HQ: Austin, US
  • Founded: 2007
  • Team size: 250–999
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 4.9
  • Best fit: US mid-market product teams
Qubika website header showing "Amplifying Human Potential" over a dark blue network constellation graphic, along with a 2026 Constellation Research award badge.
Qubika

Austin-based Qubika appears on Clutch with AI agents inside a mix that includes AI development, cloud and data work, across 62 Clutch reviews. Its published architecture for production agents on Databricks and LangGraph, which includes a case study for a major financial investment institution, turns natural language questions into structured queries over enterprise data and checks each answer with domain-specific evaluation and LLM-based scoring in MLflow. Mid-market US product teams already running on Databricks will find the closest match here.

Rootstrap

  • HQ: Los Angeles, US
  • Founded: 2011
  • Team size: 250–999
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 4.8
  • Best fit: Multi-agent workflows with RAG
Rootstrap homepage showing a developer at a desk using a laptop, with text "Human expertise amplified by a proprietary AI-native delivery system" and Clutch review widget.
Rootstrap

Rootstrap designs agentic workflows, conversational agents and multi-agent systems with agentic memory and retrieval, alongside RAG over proprietary data and semantic search. Its engagements start with a discovery sprint that sets up an evaluation framework and human review triggers before implementation, and its agent work in finance and legal centers on document analysis and decision support with audit trails. Teams planning agent workflows over documents and internal data will find the closest overlap with Rootstrap’s practice.

Azumo

  • HQ: San Francisco, US
  • Founded: 2016
  • Team size: 50–249
  • Hourly rate: $25–$49
  • Clutch: 4.9
  • Best fit: Data-heavy agents, nearshore teams
Azumo homepage featuring a professional standing in front of a window, titled "The Software Development Company for AI," alongside corporate client logos.
Azumo

Azumo has specialized in AI model development since 2016 and now develops AI agents for customer support, finance, legal, procurement, and sales, along with RAG, LLM fine-tuning, and its open-weight model platform, Valkyrie. Data-heavy agent projects that need nearshore engineers working in US time zones are a natural match.

Markovate

  • HQ: San Francisco, US
  • Founded: 2015
  • Team size: 50–249
  • Hourly rate: $50–$99
  • Clutch: 5.0
  • Best fit: Fast PoCs for startups
Markovate website landing page displaying the headline "AI That Delivers ROI – Fast, Secure, and Enterprise-Ready" on a dark glowing ambient background.
Markovate

Markovate builds autonomous agents that handle approvals, scheduling and operations. It also runs its own products, an agentic AI assistant platform for workflow automation and a 24/7 voice agent. Its industry agents cover manufacturing and commercial real estate, alongside enterprise chatbots, copilots and conversational AI. Every engagement opens with a focused 4 to 6 week pilot built on the client’s own data, which makes Markovate a practical option for startups that want a fast PoC before a larger build.

What Does an Agentic AI Development Company Actually Build?

An agentic AI development company designs, builds and runs AI agents, meaning software that pursues a goal by planning steps, calling tools and APIs, checking results and iterating until it finishes multi-step tasks. A chatbot answers a message, while an agent takes action on other systems.

A full engagement goes through a clear agentic development workflow and starts with use-case framing tied to a goal such as operational efficiency, then moves to agent and orchestration design. It also covers context engineering (what the agent knows from your knowledge base and when), integrations with business workflows, evals, guardrails, observability, deployment and operation. 

Scope across AI agent development companies varies most at the orchestration layer. A single agent, such as a research agent that gathers sources and drafts a brief, can call several tools to finish one workflow. A multi-agent system splits work across specialized agents and runs stateful workflows with hand-offs, each of which needs its own checks. Teams whose need is closer to a grounded assistant for search or content creation may be better served by generative AI development.

RPA and similar intelligent automation solutions automate workflows along a fixed script, so the table sorts all four system types by what a buyer has to verify in each.

Type
What it does
Decides the next step?
Uses tools?
What must be verified

Chatbot

Answers a message

No

Rarely

Answer quality

RPA / workflow automation

Runs a fixed script

No

Yes, fixed steps

That the script ran

AI agent

Pursues a goal across steps

Yes

Yes, chooses them

Outputs and the path taken

Multi-agent system

Several agents split and delegate work

Yes

Yes

Each agent plus the hand-offs between them

What it does

Answers a message

Runs a fixed script

Pursues a goal across steps

Several agents split and delegate work

Decides the next step?

No

No

Yes

Yes

Uses tools?

Rarely

Yes, fixed steps

Yes, chooses them

Yes

What must be verified

Answer quality

That the script ran

Outputs and the path taken

Each agent plus the hand-offs between them

How to Choose Among the Best AI Agent Development Companies: 7 Criteria

Every vendor can show an agent that runs, so the useful test is how a vendor proves it works. The best AI agent development companies answer each criterion with evidence you can inspect, such as a live endpoint, a trace log or an eval report.

1. Does the vendor have agents in production, or only demos?

Ask for a live agent you can query yourself, plus one production metric it is measured on, such as resolution rate, latency or customer satisfaction. A recorded walkthrough shows a single curated run, while a live agent with traces shows how the solution handles your inputs, including the awkward ones a scripted demo would avoid.

2. Can the vendor engineer the harness around the model?

Ask how the vendor configures its agents, since reliability depends largely on the harness around the model. In simple terms, Agent = Model + Harness, and the harness covers the instructions, tools, MCP access, guardrails, orchestration and routing that shape how the model behaves. The effect of this layer can be large. 

For example, LangChain moved its coding agent from outside the top 30 to the top 5 on Terminal Bench 2.0, going from 52.8 to 66.5 (13.7 points), by changing only the system prompt, tools and middleware while the model stayed fixed. That is why agent harness engineering is the skill to test a vendor on, along with context engineering, which decides which documents, memory and tool results reach the model at each step.

Serhii Leleko:AI & ML Engineer at SPD Technology

Serhii Leleko

AI & ML Engineer at SPD Technology

“Wrong tool selection stems from harness flaws like overlapping descriptions, missing self-validation, or excessive permissions. Larger models only mask these bugs temporarily. Cleaning up tool definitions and enforcing trajectory evals fixes them permanently.”

3. How does the vendor prove the agent works?

A credible vendor proves it with evals that block releases in CI. Unit testing checks deterministic code, while evals, a practice borrowed from machine learning, score behavior against datasets and rubrics, with LLM-as-a-judge as one scoring method. Output evaluation checks the result and trajectory evaluation checks the steps and tool calls, so a correct refund reached through the wrong API counts as a trajectory failure. Replaying cases in simulated environments before real traffic arrives is part of the same practice, and our guide on how to evaluate AI agents before production walks through the setup.

4. How does the vendor limit what the agent can do?

A reliable vendor limits what the agent can do through scoped permissions, sandboxed execution and human approval before irreversible actions such as payments, deletions and customer messages. Autonomy is then set per action, so repetitive tasks like record lookups run freely while a refund still waits for a person to approve it. Sandboxing adds a second layer of protection by containing prompt injection, where hostile text inside a document or email tries to steer the agent. Together, these guardrails for AI engineering keep a wrong tool call from turning into a real-world mistake.

5. Will you see what the agent does in production?

You should get traces of every tool call, eval scores on sampled live traffic, cost per task and drift alerts when behavior shifts. Uptime monitoring alone says nothing about whether the agent chose the right action, so ask to see a production dashboard from an existing client with sensitive data masked.

6. Can the vendor integrate with your systems and standards?

A strong vendor connects the agent to the systems you already run, including your APIs, CRM, databases and other data sources, and lets it reach users across channels such as web and mobile apps. 

To keep those connections standard, many teams now rely on the Model Context Protocol, or MCP, the open standard for how agents access tools. When one agent needs to delegate work to another, Agent2Agent, or A2A, plays the same role for agent-to-agent communication. Beyond integration, ask for SOC 2, ISO 27001 and GDPR compliance evidence, and check whether the vendor offers an on premises option in case your data has to stay inside your network.

7. Is the vendor open about running costs?

A credible vendor gives a token cost estimate per task before launch and explains how model routing moves simple steps to cheaper or open source models. Ask who will own the model provider accounts and cloud platforms after handover, because whoever holds them controls the bill and your ability to switch.

The scorecard condenses the seven criteria into a format you can take into a vendor call.

Criterion
What to ask
Strong answer
Red flag

Production evidence

Can we query a live agent?

Live access + traces

Recorded demo only

Harness engineering

How do you configure agents?

Versioned rules, tools, guardrails in our repo

“We use the best model”

Evals

How do you know it works?

Output + trajectory evals as a CI gate

“We tested it”

Guardrails and HITL

What can it do alone?

Autonomy set per action; approval for risky ones

Broad production credentials

Observability

What will we see in production?

Traces, eval scores, cost per task

Uptime dashboard only

Integration and standards

How does it connect to our stack?

Existing APIs, MCP where it fits, compliance evidence

Everything custom and undocumented

Running cost

What does a task cost to run?

Token estimate + routing plan

No estimate before launch

What to ask

Can we query a live agent?

How do you configure agents?

How do you know it works?

What can it do alone?

What will we see in production?

How does it connect to our stack?

What does a task cost to run?

Strong answer

Live access + traces

Versioned rules, tools, guardrails in our repo

Output + trajectory evals as a CI gate

Autonomy set per action; approval for risky ones

Traces, eval scores, cost per task

Existing APIs, MCP where it fits, compliance evidence

Token estimate + routing plan

Red flag

Recorded demo only

“We use the best model”

“We tested it”

Broad production credentials

Uptime dashboard only

Everything custom and undocumented

No estimate before launch

Agent Washing: How to Spot a Vendor That Isn’t Really Agentic

Gartner uses the term agent washing for relabeling chatbots, RPA and AI assistants as agents without substantial agentic capabilities. By its estimate, only about 130 of the thousands of agentic AI vendors are real, so screening for agent washing should be the first pass on any shortlist. In practice, the pattern tends to show up through a few recurring signals.

  • Every case study is a chatbot or an RPA flow, which suggests the team has yet to ship autonomous systems that choose their own steps.
  • Only recorded demos are on offer, with no live agent or logs, so what you saw may be a single curated run.
  • The eval strategy ends with a general statement that the agent was tested, a sign that quality is judged by impression and regressions will reach users first.
  • The agent gets broad production access for the sake of simplicity, so one wrong tool call executes with full permissions.
  • ROI or accuracy is guaranteed before discovery has started, which is a promise nobody can back before seeing your data.

That said, one flag on its own can have an ordinary explanation, such as a client NDA that keeps logs private. Two or more, however, usually point to a team that builds conversational interfaces and describes them as agentic. In that case, the vendor can stay off the shortlist until it shows a live agent with traces.

How Much Does AI Agent Development Cost?

Master of Code estimates that a focused proof of concept may cost $25,000 to $80,000, a production-ready AI feature or integration $60,000 to $180,000, and complex platforms with multi-agent orchestration, enterprise integrations, RAG and advanced security controls $150,000 to $500,000 or more. Those ranges cover the build, and the full AI agent development cost keeps growing every month after launch.

Scope
Typical build cost
Typical timeline
Main cost drivers

Proof of concept

25K-80K

4-8 weeks

Data access, one workflow, basic evals

Production agent

60K-180K

2-4 months

Integrations, guardrails, eval suite, observability

Multi-agent platform

150K-500K+

over 6 month

Orchestration, several integrations, governance

Typical build cost

25K-80K

60K-180K

150K-500K+

Typical timeline

4-8 weeks

2-4 months

over 6 month

Main cost drivers

Data access, one workflow, basic evals

Integrations, guardrails, eval suite, observability

Orchestration, several integrations, governance

Once the agent is live, the buyer pays for tokens, eval maintenance as models update, observability tooling and ongoing support. Model routing, which sends simple steps to smaller models, and caching repeated context are the main ways to control token cost. A cheap build without evals usually costs more to run, because users find the regressions and fixes happen under pressure. An AI infrastructure audit is one way to see where running costs will concentrate before launch.

Most agent engagements use one of four pricing models, namely fixed price, time and materials, dedicated team, or phase-gated delivery. Under phase-gated delivery a fixed PoC comes first, and production scope is priced once evals show the use case can create measurable business value. Outcome-based pricing is rare and works only when both sides agree in advance on the eval metrics that define an outcome.

Pricing model
Works best when
Watch out for

Fixed price

The scope is a clear, bounded PoC

Change requests once real data arrives

Time and materials

The scope will evolve

Weak budget control without milestones

Dedicated team

A long-running agent program you manage

You own delivery and quality

Phase-gated delivery

You want proof before committing to production

Needs agreed eval criteria at each gate

Works best when

The scope is a clear, bounded PoC

The scope will evolve

A long-running agent program you manage

You want proof before committing to production

Watch out for

Change requests once real data arrives

Weak budget control without milestones

You own delivery and quality

Needs agreed eval criteria at each gate

From Agent PoC to Production: What a Realistic Timeline Looks Like

McKinsey’s State of AI 2025 survey found that 23% of organizations are scaling an agentic AI system somewhere in the enterprise, yet no more than 10% are scaling agents in any single business function. That spread shows where projects stall, somewhere on the path from AI MVP to production, between a working demo and a system one function depends on every day.

Stage
What happens
What gets verified

1. Discovery and baseline

One workflow, success metrics, risk levels per action

That the use case is worth an agent

2. Spec and harness design

Spec, tools, permissions and eval cases written before code

That done is defined in evals

3. Working prototype

SPD Technology’s median is 3 days to a first working prototype on recent pilots

That the core loop works

4. Evals and hardening

Edge cases, integrations, error handling

Output and trajectory evals across real cases

5. Production rollout

Human approval on risky actions, observability live, then an evaluate, fix, verify and monitor loop

Behavior on live traffic

What happens

One workflow, success metrics, risk levels per action

Spec, tools, permissions and eval cases written before code

SPD Technology’s median is 3 days to a first working prototype on recent pilots

Edge cases, integrations, error handling

Human approval on risky actions, observability live, then an evaluate, fix, verify and monitor loop

What gets verified

That the use case is worth an agent

That done is defined in evals

That the core loop works

Output and trajectory evals across real cases

Behavior on live traffic

Stage 4 is where the effort concentrates, because a demo gets most of the way quickly while edge cases, integrations and error handling take most of the work. Stage 5 puts a human-in-the-loop approval step in front of risky actions before autonomy widens. Because 80% of the changes SPD Technology ships carry a complete automated evidence trail, a reviewer can see which evals ran on each release.

Questions to Ask an AI Agent Development Company Before You Sign

Whether you are vetting top AI agent development companies in the USA or a nearshore partner, these eight questions fit into a single vendor call and help you test each answer against your business needs. They follow the same logic as an AI production-ready checklist, turned around so you can ask them for a vendor. More importantly, a vendor with real practice can back every answer with evidence within minutes, so vague replies are easy to spot.

Question
What a good answer confirms

1. Can we query one of your production agents live and see its traces?

Real production capability

2. How do you evaluate outputs and trajectories, and do evals block releases?

Quality is measured

3. What can the agent do without human approval?

Autonomy is limited by risk

4. What will we see in production?

Traces, eval scores and cost per task are visible

5. Will we own the harness configuration in our repository?

No lock-in; your team can operate it

6. What is the expected token cost per task, and how do you route models?

Running cost is planned before launch

7. Who signs off each release?

A named engineer is accountable

8. What happens to the eval suite when the model or requirements change?

Quality holds after launch

What a good answer confirms

Real production capability

Quality is measured

Autonomy is limited by risk

Traces, eval scores and cost per task are visible

No lock-in; your team can operate it

Running cost is planned before launch

A named engineer is accountable

Quality holds after launch

Our Expertise in AI Agent Development Services

We engineer the harness, evals and infrastructure that turn an agent demo into an industry-specific solution you can run, audit and afford. The same Verified Velocity model shapes every stage of our agentic AI development services, from the first prototype to monitored production. In practice, that work rests on four capabilities.

  • Harness engineering. Each agent comes with a versioned configuration in the client’s repository, so the client’s team can operate it after handover. This configuration covers rules, tools and MCP access, sandbox boundaries, guardrails and model routing.
  • Eval engineering. Output and trajectory evals are written against clear rubrics and wired into CI as a release gate, which is how teams learn to trust AI-generated code before it reaches production.
  • Calibrated autonomy. Guardrails and human approval are set per task type, so each agent gets only the level of autonomy its risk allows.
  • Production proof. A high-load RAG chatbot for a French fashion retailer runs on LangChain, a Mistral LLM and RAG on AWS, answering 99% of queries in under 10 seconds with 100% uptime at 30 requests per second during peak hours. For VayaPin, our team built an LLM-assisted discovery and outreach pipeline whose guardrails treat fetched web text as untrusted data and use an atomic send ledger so no business is ever emailed twice.

Teams that already hold a working prototype can move straight to the next step, where SPD Technology takes the AI prototype to production with the same harness, evals and guardrails in place.

Key Takeaways

  • An AI agent’s reliability depends more on the harness around the model (instructions, tools, guardrails, orchestration) than on the model itself, which makes agent configuration the first thing to ask vendors about.
  • Tests confirm that an agent’s deterministic code works, and evals scored against datasets and rubrics show whether its outputs and tool-call trajectories hold up across real cases.
  • A vendor without evals wired into CI as a release gate is shipping on impressions, so the first person to spot a regression is your user.
  • Agent washing, where chatbots or RPA scripts are relabeled as agents, is common, and asking for a live agent you can query, with its trace logs, separates real capability from marketing.
  • The build quote is the smaller part of an agent’s cost, because token spend, eval maintenance and observability recur every month after launch.
  • Well-designed agents have autonomy set per action, so low-risk steps run automatically and irreversible actions wait for human approval.

In short: Pick the AI agent development partner that can show you, with live agents, eval reports and traces, how its agents are verified before and after they ship.

FAQ

  • Which companies are building AI agents?

    Development companies build custom agents on top of AI models from OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, or Microsoft, adding the specific integrations, evals, and guardrails each workflow requires. SPD Technology, Software Mind, Master of Code Global, LeewayHertz, Qubika, Rootstrap, Azumo, and Markovate belong to this group.